Uncategorized

Human Microbiome: Resources

The theory of disappearing microbiota and the epidemic of chronic diseases.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2017.77.epdf

Expanding the Role of the Virome: Commensalism in the Gut

Ken Cadwell

Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

J. Pfeiffer, Editor

+Author Affiliations

Next Section

ABSTRACT

Viruses affect host physiology beyond causing acute disease, thereby giving rise to the concept that the virome is a component of the microbiome. However, the role of the enteric virome is understudied relative to the fast-paced research examining commensal bacteria in the intestine. In this article, I discuss our recent work on murine norovirus indicating that an animal virus in the intestine can provide many of the signals to the host that have been attributed to commensal bacteria. Our findings suggest that the surge in microbiome research should incorporate examination of the enteric virome.

http://jvi.asm.org/content/89/4/1951.full

↓ Full text

Gut microbiota - architects of small intestinal capillaries.

Khandagale A, et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28930570/

AUGUST 22, 2017

Stanford study indicates that more than 99 percent of the microbes inside us are unknown to science

A survey of DNA fragments circulating in the blood suggests the microbes living within us are vastly more diverse than previously known. In fact, 99 percent of that DNA has never been seen before.

https://news.stanford.edu/2017/08/22/nearly-microbes-inside-us-unknown-science/

Home

Featured

Intestinal Bacteria Alter Gut and Brain Function

NEUROSCIENCE NEWSMARCH 2, 2017

http://neurosciencenews.com/microbiota-gut-brain-6183/

More than constipation - bowel symptoms in Parkinson's disease and their connection to gut microbiota.

Mertsalmi TH, et al. Eur J Neurol. 2017.

Show full citation

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms of which constipation is considered the most prominent. Recently, in addition to constipation, a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was also found to be associated with increased PD risk. Gut microbiota alterations have been reported in IBS and recently also in PD. IBS-like bowel symptoms in PD and their possible connection to other non-motor symptoms and faecal microbiota were assessed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28891262/

DAILY NEWS

14 August 2017

Activated charcoal drug can protect microbiome from antibiotics

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2143806-activated-charcoal-drug-can-protect-microbiome-from-antibiotics/

2017 Aug;74(16):2959-2977. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2509-x. Epub 2017 Mar 28.

Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis.

Weiss GA1, Hennet T2.

Author information

Abstract

The composition of the gut microbiota is in constant flow under the influence of factors such as the diet, ingested drugs, the intestinal mucosa, the immune system, and the microbiota itself. Natural variations in the gut microbiota can deteriorate to a state of dysbiosis when stress conditions rapidly decrease microbial diversity and promote the expansion of specific bacterial taxa. The mechanisms underlying intestinal dysbiosis often remain unclear given that combinations of natural variations and stress factors mediate cascades of destabilizing events. Oxidative stress, bacteriophages induction and the secretion of bacterial toxins can trigger rapid shifts among intestinal microbial groups thereby yielding dysbiosis. A multitude of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases but also metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes type II are associated with intestinal dysbiosis. The characterization of the changes leading to intestinal dysbiosis and the identification of the microbial taxa contributing to pathological effects are essential prerequisites to better understand the impact of the microbiota on health and disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28352996

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could reverse the severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) via oxidative stress modulation.

Li X, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28323128/

Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice.

Brooks PT, et al. Microbiome. 2017.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28789710/

Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study

Publication

Microbiome

Author(s)

Dae-Wook Kang, James B. Adams, Ann C. Gregory, Thomas Borody, Lauren Chittick5,15, Alessio Fasano, Alexander Khoruts, Elizabeth Geis, Juan Maldonado, Sharon McDonough-Means, Elena L. Pollard, Simon Roux, Michael J. Sadowsky, Karen Schwarzberg Lipson, Matthew B. Sullivan, J. Gregory Caporaso and Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown

Abstract

Background:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurobiological disorders that impair social interactions and communication and lead to restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The causes of these disorders remain poorly understood, but gut microbiota, the 1013 bacteria in the human intestines, have been implicated because children with ASD often suffer gastrointestinal (GI) problems that correlate with ASD severity. Several previous studies have reported abnormal gut bacteria in children with ASD. The gut microbiome-ASD connection has been tested in a mouse model of ASD, where the microbiome was mechanistically linked to abnormal metabolites and behavior. Similarly, a study of children with ASD found that oral non-absorbable antibiotic treatment improved GI and ASD symptoms, albeit temporarily. Here, a small open-label clinical trial evaluated the impact of Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) on gut microbiota composition and GI and ASD symptoms of 18 ASD-diagnosed children.

https://www.drperlmutter.com/study/microbiota-transfer-therapy-alters-gut-ecosystem-and-improves-gastrointestinal-and-autism-symptoms-an-open-label-study/

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection

August 16, 20176:09 PM ET

Heard on All Things Considered

http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/08/16/543920822/probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_content=20170816

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality.

Review article

Chen J, et al. Semin Immunol. 2017.

Show full citation

Abstract

The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi residing predominantly in epidermal and mucosal habitats across the body, such as skin, oral cavity, lung, intestine and vagina. These symbiotic communities in health, or dysbiotic communities in disease, display tremendous interaction with the local environment and systemic responses, playing a critical role in the host's nutrition, immunity, metabolism and diseases including cancers. While the profiling of normal microbiota in healthy populations is useful and necessary, more recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with disease, particularly cancers. In this paper, we review current evidence on the role of the human microbiota in four cancer types (colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer) proposed as affected by both the oral and gut microbiota, and provide a perspective on current gaps in the knowledge of the microbiota and cancer.

PMID

288

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28822617/22617 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2015 Sep;45(9):1419-29. doi: 10.1111/cea.12566.

Gut microbiome and innate immune response patterns in IgE-associated eczema.

West CE1,2, Rydén P3, Lundin D4,5, Engstrand L4, Tulic MK1,6, Prescott SL1,7.

Author information

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Gut microbiome patterns have been associated with predisposition to eczema potentially through modulation of innate immune signalling.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25944283?otool=karolib&tool=karolinska

Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring

Nature

549,

528–532

(28 September 2017)

doi:10.1038/nature23910

Received

12 December 2016

Accepted

16 August 2017

Published online

13 September 2017

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v549/n7673/full/nature23910.html

Gut Microbiota: A Potential Regulator of Neurodevelopment.

Review article

Tognini P. Front Cell Neurosci. 2017.

Show full citation

Abstract

During childhood, our brain is exposed to a variety of environmental inputs that can sculpt synaptic connections and neuronal circuits, with subsequent influence on behavior and learning processes. Critical periods of neurodevelopment are windows of opportunity in which the neuronal circuits are extremely plastic and can be easily subjected to remodeling in response to experience. However, the brain is also more susceptible to aberrant stimuli that might lead to altered developmental trajectories. Intriguingly, postnatal brain development is paralleled by the maturation of the gut microbiota: the ecosystem of symbionts populating our gastro-intestinal tract. Recent discoveries have started to unveil an unexpected link between the gut microbiome and neurophysiological processes. Indeed, the commensal bacteria seem to be able to influence host behavioral outcome and neurochemistry through mechanisms which remain poorly understood. Remarkably, the efficacy of the gut flora action appears to be dependent on the timing during postnatal life at which the host gut microbes' signals reaches the brain, suggesting the fascinating possibility of critical periods for this microbiota-driven shaping of host neuronal functions and behavior. Therefore, to understand the importance of the intestinal ecosystem's impact on neuronal circuits functions and plasticity during development and the discovery of the involved molecular mechanisms, will pave the way to identify new and, hopefully, powerful microbiota-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases.

PMID

28223922 [PubMed]

PMCID

PMC5293830

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28223922/

Honey bee gut dysbiosis: a novel context of disease ecology.

Review article

Anderson KE, et al. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2017.

Show full citation

Abstract

The honey bee microbiota has become a hot-spot of recent research. Highly co-evolved with its host, the hindgut microbiota of a worker honey bee consists of six bacterial species shown to occur reliably in particular proportions. Altered microbiota structure is associated with host deficiencies, and a variety of bacteria found throughout the hive environment can dominate the worker gut suppressing or displacing microbiota function. The synthesis presented here suggests environmental insults alter gut bacterial balance, leading to decreased host function and disease progression. Specific functional groups of native bacteria represent a model system to investigate dysbiosis and the evolution of host tolerance/resistance traits in honey bee-microbe interactions.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID

28805634 [PubMed - in process]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28805634/

Link between common brain disease and gut microbiome

Date:: May 10, 2017
Source:: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Summary:: Bacteria in the gut microbiome drive the formation of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), clusters of dilated, thin-walled blood vessels in the brain that can cause stroke and seizures. The research team's research suggests that altering the microbiome in CCM patients may be an effective therapy for this cerebrovascular disease.; https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170510132009.htm

Human Microbiome: Resources

Expanding the Role of the Virome: Commensalism in the Gut

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiota - architects of small intestinal capillaries.

Stanford study indicates that more than 99 percent of the microbes inside us are unknown to science

Intestinal Bacteria Alter Gut and Brain Function

More than constipation - bowel symptoms in Parkinson's disease and their connection to gut microbiota.

Abstract

Activated charcoal drug can protect microbiome from antibiotics

Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis.

Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could reverse the severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) via oxidative stress modulation.

Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barré syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice.

Publication

Author(s)

Abstract

Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality.

Abstract

PMID

Gut microbiome and innate immune response patterns in IgE-associated eczema.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring

Gut Microbiota: A Potential Regulator of Neurodevelopment.

Abstract

PMID

PMCID

Honey bee gut dysbiosis: a novel context of disease ecology.

Abstract

PMID

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28805634/

Link between common brain disease and gut microbiome

Post a Comment